T Cell Help + CD 4 T Cell Memory Even in the Absence of + CD 8 Programming , Maintenance , and Recall of CD 40 on APCs Is Needed for Optimal Rock

T Cell Help + Cd4 T Cell Memory Even in the Absence of + Cd8 Programming, Maintenance, and Recall of Cd40 on Apcs Is Needed for Optimal

CD40 on APCs is needed for optimal programming, maintenance, and recall of CD8+ T cell memory even in the absence of CD4+ T cell help.

CD40 stimulation is one of the many signals that can activate APCs and we have recently shown it to have a unique function in generating maximum primary CD8(+) T cell responses. However, whether CD40 signaling plays a role in memory CD8(+) T cell responses is still not completely understood. In this study, we show that in the absence of CD40 on all APCs or specifically on dendritic cells, memor...

Refractory Celiac Disease

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is when malabsorption symptoms and villous atrophy persist despite strict adherence to a gluten free diet (GFD) for more than 12 months and other causes of villous atrophy have been ruled out.  RCD is considered a rare disease and almost exclusively occurs in adults. Persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss are the most common symptoms in RCD. Also, anemi...

Determination of CD Markers Profile of the Cell Line Infected by S15 Vaccine Strain of Theileria annulata Schizont Using RT-PCR Analysis

The aim of this study was to identify the cell surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers of the cell lines infected by Theileria annulata schizont. The CD molecules are very useful for the characterization of cells and different subpopulations of leukocytes. They are usually recognized by specific antibodies using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In the current stud...

Cadmium contamination of drinking water and its treatment using biological chelators

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic metal and environmental exposure to Cd has been particularly problematic in the world. Oral exposure to Cd may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. Compounds containing Cd are also carcinogenic. The presence of Cd in drinking water resources in the southeastern region of Rafsanjan plain...